COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT SOLAR CELL TECHNOLOGIES AND FIND A SOLUTION OF PRESENT POWER CRISIS IN BANGLADESH BY USING SOLAR CELL

Presentation on COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT SOLAR CELL TECHNOLOGIES AND FIND A SOLUTION OF PRESENT POWER CRISIS IN BANGLADESH BY USING SOLAR CELL

OBJECTIVES

1. Study different solar cell technologies.
2. Compare various solar cell as a parameter of cost and efficiency.
3. Select better solar cell technology for Bangladesh.
4. Propose a probable solution for present power crisis in Bangladesh from the viewpoint of our comparative study.

SOLAR CELL

A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Most notable feature of the solar photovoltaic system is the conversion of the solar energy into useful electrical energy. This process requires little maintenance because of its simplicity and there is no noise generated and also having advantage of little carbon emission for each unit of electric power generated.

HOW SOLAR CELL WORKS

A typical silicon PV cell is composed of a thin wafer consisting of an ultra –thin layer of phosphorus-doped (N-type) silicon on top of a thicker layer of boron-doped (P-type) silicon. An electric field is created near the top surface of the cell where these two materials are in contact, called the p-n junction.

HOW SOLAR CELLS ARE MADE

An ingot or block of silicon is formed, commonly using one of two methods:

1. By growing a pure crystalline silicon ingot from a seed crystal drawn from the molten polysilicon
2. By casting the molten polysilicon in a block, creating a polysilicon silicon material.

GENERATIONS OF SOLAR CELL

Solar cells are classified into three generations which indicates the order of which each became important. Three generations are:

1. First generation
2. Second generation
3. Third generation

THEORETICAL ASPECTS

Photovoltaic effect

1. Photogeneration of charge carriers
2. Charge carrier separation
3. P-N junction

Equivalent circuit of solar cell

EFFICIENCY FACTORS

1. Energy conversion efficiency
2. Thermodynamic efficiency limit
3. Quantum efficiency
4. Maximum power point
5. Fill factor

SOLAR CELL TECHNOLOGIES

1. Crystalline silicon solar cells
2. Thin film solar cells
3. Concentrators
4. Electrochemical PV cells

LIGHT ABSORBING MATERIALS

1. Bulk-Crystalline silicon
2. Thin films-

Cadmium telluride solar cell

Copper-Indium selenide

Gallium arsenide multijunction

Light absorbing dyes

Organic/polymer solar cells

Silicon thin films

Nanocrystalline solar cells

WORLD PV RESEARCH GROWTH

WORLD PV RESEARCH GROWTH

SOLAR IRRADIATION IN BANGLADESH

SUNSHINE DURATION FOR 2003 OF DHAKA

DATA COLLECTION

DATA COLLECTION

Efficiency of the solar cell:

Efficiency =output power/irradiance×area

1. Here, irradiance=1000W/m²
2. Area=0.3528m²
3. Output power=40watt
4. Efficiency=40/1000×0.3528=0.1133=11.33%

PROSPECTS FOR BANGLADESH

Gas consumption

COAL SECTOR

POWER PLANTS IN BANGLADESH

ELECTRICITY SITUATION IN CHITTAGONG CITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY PROSPECTS IN BANGLADESH

Solar energy

Bangladesh is situated between 20.30-26.38 degrees north latitude and 88.04-92.44 degrees east which is an ideal location for solar energy utilization. Daily average solar radiation varies between 4 to 6.5 KWh per square meter. Maximum amount of radiation is available on the month of March-April and minimum on December-January.

SHS INSTALLATION IN BANGLADESH

CALCULATION 

1. Roof area in the Chittagong city=1602.81 acre
2. 70% of this roof area=1121.967 acre
3. We know that 1acre=4046.856 square meter
4. So the equivalent area=454000000 square meter
5. If 19.8% polycrystalline solar cell is used then power can be produced from this area=898.92MW

CALCULATION

1. If we apply the calculation for only one building then we will get about 30 KW power from 19.8% polycrystalline solar cell.
2. This costs about 8887500 taka and needs 237 solar panels for about 156 square meters.

After the end of this overall study we have come at a conclusion that expansion of solar cell power generation from rural areas to city dwellers is our main priority for reducing power crisis in Bangladesh.

Submitted by TOUFIQ AHMED and SAIFUL HAQUE at July, 2012